Bipolar Ephemeral Active Regions, Magnetic Flux Cancellation, and Solar Magnetic Explosions

Abstract We examine the cradle-to-grave magnetic evolution of 10 bipolar ephemeral active regions (BEARs) in solar coronal holes, especially aspects leading to each 43 obvious microflare events. The data are from Solar Dynamics Observatory: 211 Å EUV images and line-of-sight photospheric magnetograms. find evidence that (1) event is a explosion results miniature flare arcade astride polarity inversion line (PIL) explosive lobe BEAR’s anemone field; (2) relative emerged flux-rope ? loop, anemone’s can be an inside lobe, outside or inside-and-outside lobe; (3) 5 events confined explosions, 20 mostly 18 blowout which miniatures explosions make mass ejections (CMEs); (4) contrary expectation Moore et al., none explode loop during loop’s emergence; (5) before events, there flux cancellation at PIL lobe. From finding evident underlying all events—together with BEARs evidently being larger regions—we expect essentially same way, sunspot prepares triggers for many major flares CMEs.